surname

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈsɜːˌneɪm/    美 /ˈsɝˌneɪm/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The portion of a person's name that is generally hereditary or treated as an indicator of a person's family, which may be shared with other members of the family, or otherwise derived from their names in some fashion; distinguished from that person's given name(s).
    — James is my first name, and Smith is my surname.
  2. Synonym of epithet, an additional name, particularly those derived from a birthplace, quality, or achievement. obsolete
    — Barsabas (whose syrname was Iustus).
  3. Synonym of nickname, an additional name given to a person, place, or thing, a byname. obsolete
    — I have before declared that Baal was the Sun, and Baal Peor, a sirname, from a particular place of his worship.
  4. The cognomen of Roman names. Classical-studies
动词 v.
  1. To give a surname to. transitive
  2. To call by a surname. transitive
    — “Lord,” said Sir Launcelot, “I am hight Launcelot, and am surnamed ‘He of the Lake.’”

词形变化

surnames plural sirname alternative sur-name alternative,obsolete surnames present,singular,third-person surnaming participle,present surnamed participle,past surnamed past sirname alternative sur-name alternative,obsolete

词汇关系

近义词
last name byname cognomen family name surname to-name
上位词
name anthroponym
下位词
bride's name maiden name patronym patronymic matronym matronymic eponym nomen occupational surname
衍生词
occupational surname surnameless surnamey surnominal
相关词
aftername aneponymous surnameless Wiktionary appendix of surnames
并列词
given name middle name epithet cognomen nickname aneponymous

词源

词源 1
Inherited from Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”), equivalent to sur- + name.
词源 2
Inherited from Middle English surname, a partial calque of Old French surnum, surnoun (“surname; nickname”) (whence Middle English surnoun), from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen (“surname”), from super- (“over, above, beyond”) and nōmen (“name”), equivalent to sur- + name.
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