summon

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A creature magically summoned to do the summoner's bidding.
    — Conjuration magic in Baldur's Gate 3 allows players to summon a variety of helpful creatures […] These summons can assist players in combat and exploration, providing strategic advantages with their unique abilities.
  2. A fine; a fee or monetary penalty incurred for breaking the law; usually for a minor offence such as a traffic violation. Malaysia,colloquial,slang
    — You better pay off the parking summon tomorrow before you kena interest on it.
  3. call, command, order
    — The deceased was 58 years of age, was the picture of health even five or six hours prior to his death, when suddenly the grim messenger came with a summon from a Higher Tribunal, calling him to duties above.
  4. A notice of an infringement of the law, usually incurring such a penalty; a citation or ticket. Malaysia,colloquial,slang
动词 v.
  1. To call people together; to convene; to convoke. transitive
    — Silence is primary, summoning presence to itself; so it's a connection to the realm of origin.
  2. To impose such a fine or penalty, or to issue a notice thereof. Malaysia,colloquial,slang,transitive
    — The police summoned the driver for speeding.
  3. To ask someone to come; to send for. transitive
    — The cousins separated, and Nain Singh joined a caravan posing as a merchant. This time he crossed the border successfully. Singh eventually entered Jih-k’a-tse, the second-largest city in Tibet. It was in Jih-k’a-tse that he was summoned to meet the country’s second-highest religious authority, the Panchen Lama, who turned out to be only 11 years old.
  4. To order (goods) and have delivered
    — You can summon groceries, alcohol and medicines to your home: chips and vodka on New Year’s Eve, say, and then aspirin on New Year’s Day.
  5. To rouse oneself to exert a skill. transitive
    — For securing the attainment of what he considered to be a most desirable end, he summoned all his abilities with a most praiseworthy energy and perseverance.
  6. To call a resource by magic. transitive
    — “Why won't you teach me to summon water? I can summon fire so easily, it's only logical that I should learn to put out my mistakes.”
  7. To summons; convene. transitive

词形变化

summons present,singular,third-person summoning participle,present summoned participle,past summoned past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template summon infinitive summon first-person,present,singular summoned first-person,past,singular summon present,second-person,singular summonest archaic,present,second-person,singular summoned past,second-person,singular summonedst archaic,past,second-person,singular summons present,singular,third-person summoneth archaic,present,singular,third-person summoned past,singular,third-person summon plural,present summoned past,plural summon present,subjunctive summoned past,subjunctive summon imperative,present - imperative,past summoning participle,present summoned participle,past summons plural summons plural summons present,singular,third-person summoning participle,present summoned participle,past summoned past

词汇关系

衍生词
resummon submonish summonable summonee summoningly summons summon up unsummon summon auntie

词源

词源 1
From Anglo-Norman somoundre, from Old French sumundre, from Latin summonēre, itself from sub + monēre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *monéyeti, causative from *men- (“to think”).
Compare typologically from the same PIE root mention, Russian помина́ть (pominátʹ), упомина́ть (upominátʹ) (developed less further, keeping strong relation with по́мнить (pómnitʹ)), also compare помина́й как зва́ли (pomináj kak zváli) (<+ звать (zvatʹ)).
词源 2
Borrowed from Malay saman (“fine, financial penalty”), which is itself borrowed from English summons (“notice summoning someone to appear in court”). This sense re-emerged in English as summon likely due to the erroneous belief that the original singular English word summons is plural. Doublet of summons and saman.
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