environ

名词 n. 动词 v. 副词 adv.
中文释义
英 /ɪnˈvaɪɹən/|/ɛn-/    美 /ɪnˈvaɪ(ə)ɹən/|/ɛn-/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A surrounding area or place (especially of an urban settlement); an environment. also,figuratively,formal,obsolete,transitive
    — Naples and its environs
动词 v.
  1. To encircle or surround (someone or something). obsolete,transitive
    — For now I ſtand as one vpon a rocke, / Inuirond with a wildernes of ſea, / VVho markes the vvaxing tide, grovv vvaue by vvaue, / Expecting euer vvhen ſome enuious ſurge, / VVill in his briniſh bovvels ſvvallow him.
  2. To encircle or surround (someone or something).; To encircle or surround (someone or something) so as to attack from all sides; to beset. obsolete,often,transitive
    — The Erle in good haſte departed thence to Penbroke, whome incontinent Morgan Thomas, by king Edwards commaundement ſo ſtrongly beſieged, and ſo enuironed his Caſtell with a ditche and a trench, that he could not lightly flie or eſcape thence, […]
  3. To encircle or surround (someone or something).; To encircle or surround (a heraldic element such as a charge or escutcheon (shield)). obsolete,transitive
    — Az[ure], an annulet environing a barrulet, betw[een] two bars and in chief a cross patty fitchy or.
  4. To cover, enclose, or envelop (someone or something). obsolete,transitive
    — Farre off a hill and mountaine high they ſpide, / VVhoſe top the cloudes enuiron, cloath and hide; […]
  5. Followed by from: to hide or shield (someone or something). obsolete,transitive
    — Lonely her fate was, / Environed from sight / In the house where the gate was / Past finding at night.
  6. Of a person: to be positioned or stationed around (someone or something) to attend to or protect them. obsolete,transitive
    — [A]ll of them, upon an aſſociation made in the night, agreed to ſide vvith him, vvith aſſurance of ſafe conduct being gladly admitted unto them, environed he vvas vvith a multitude thronged together of vendible or ſale ſouldiors, […]
  7. Of a situation or state of affairs, especially danger or trouble: to happen to and affect (someone or something). figuratively,obsolete,transitive
    — Ay me! what perils do environ / The Man that meddles with cold Iron!
  8. To amount to or encompass (a space). obsolete,transitive
    — Tendaia (vvhich firſt obtained the Philippine title) enuironeth a hundred and ſixtie leagues, from tvvelue to fifteene degrees of latitude: the people Idolatrous, abounding vvith Pepper, Ginger, Gold, and Mynes.
  9. To travel completely around (a place or thing); to circumnavigate. obsolete,transitive
副词 adv.
  1. In the neighbourhood; around. not-comparable,obsolete
    — Thaboũdant grace of the power deuyne / whiche doth illumyne yͤ world inuyron / Preſerue this audyẽce and cauſe them to inclyne / To charyte this is my petycyon
    The abundant grace of the power divine / which doth illumine the world environ / Preserve this audience and cause them to incline / To charity; this is my petition
  2. Almost, nearly. not-comparable,obsolete

词形变化

environs present,singular,third-person environing participle,present environed participle,past environed past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template environ infinitive environ first-person,present,singular environed first-person,past,singular environned archaic,first-person,past,singular environ present,second-person,singular environest archaic,present,second-person,singular environed past,second-person,singular environedst archaic,past,second-person,singular environned archaic,past,second-person,singular environs present,singular,third-person environeth archaic,present,singular,third-person environed past,singular,third-person environned archaic,past,singular,third-person environ plural,present environed past,plural environned archaic,past,plural environ present,subjunctive environed past,subjunctive environned archaic,past,subjunctive environ imperative,present - imperative,past environing participle,present environed participle,past environned archaic,participle,past environs plural

词汇关系

衍生词
disenviron environed environer environing unenvironed
相关词
enviro enviro- environment environmental environmentalism environmentalist environmentally Enviropig

词源

词源 1
From Middle English enviroun (“round about in a circle or ring; all around”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman enviroun, environ [and other forms], and Middle French enviroun, environ [and other forms], from Old French environ (“around, surrounding; about, approximately, roughly”) (modern French environ), from en- (prefix meaning ‘in; into’) + viron (“circuit; circumference, compass; country round about”) (though first attested later) (from virer (“to bear, turn, veer”) (either from Latin gȳrō (“to turn in a circle, rotate; to circle, revolve around”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve; an arch, vault”)), or from Latin vibrō (“to hurl, launch; shake; to tremble, vibrate”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyb-, *weyp- (“to shake; to tremble; to sway, swing; to rotate, turn, wind, wrap (around)”))) + -on (augmentative suffix)).
Cognates
* Catalan enviró, environ (both obsolete)
* Occitan environ
* Spanish environ (obsolete)
词源 2
From Middle English envirounen, enviroun (“to surround in a circle or ring, or on the perimeter; to beset, besiege; to cover, enclose, envelop; to provide a setting or surrounding to; to move in a circle; to move around the perimeter; to go, move, or wander about (a place); to fill or pervade (a place); to run all the way through”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman envirouner [and other forms], Middle French environner, and Old French environner (“to arrange in a circle; to circumnavigate, travel around; to traverse, wander around; to encircle, encompass, surround”) [and other forms] (modern French environner), from environ (adverb) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming verbs).
Cognates
* Catalan environar (obsolete)
* Old French avironer, avironner (Middle French avironer, avironner, Anglo-Norman avironer, aviruner)
* Spanish environar (obsolete)
词源 3
From Late Middle English invyroun, Middle English enuyroun, enuyrown, from Anglo-Norman enviroun, environ, envirun, and Middle French environ (“circumference; surroundings; (in the plural) boundaries, frontiers”) (chiefly in the plural) (modern French environ), a noun use of Old French environ (adverb): see etymology 1.
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