sacrifice

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.faɪs/|/-faɪz/    美 /ˈsæk.ɹɪˌfaɪs/|/ˈsæk.ɹəˌfaɪs/|/ˈsæk.ɹɪ.fɑes/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Originally, the killing (and often burning) of a human being or an animal as an offering to a deity; later, also the offering of an object to a deity. countable,uncountable
    — They firſt vvaſh the dead body, paint him, clothe him, and ſo conueigh him to his Dormitorie, vvhich is ſpacious and neat, vvherein they bury his Armolets, Bracelets, Shackles and ſuch Treaſure, concluding their Ceremonies vvith Mimmicke geſtures and eiaculations: vvhich, vvith the Sacrifice of a Goat, vpon his Graue, puts a period to their Burials.
  2. A human being or an animal, or a physical object or immaterial thing (see etymology 1 sense 1.3), offered to a deity. countable,uncountable
    — O th'inchaunting vvords of that baſe ſlaue, / Made him to thinke Epeus pine-tree Horſe [i.e., the Trojan Horse] / A ſacrifize t'appeaſe Mineruas vvrath: […]
  3. The offering of devotion, penitence, prayer, thanksgiving, etc., to a deity. countable,figuratively,uncountable
    — Let vs therfore by him [Jesus] offre allwayes vnto God the ſacrifice of prayſe: that is to ſaye, the frute of thoſe lippes which confeſſe his name.
  4. Jesus Christ's voluntary offering of himself to God the Father to be crucified as atonement for the sins of humankind. countable,specifically,uncountable
  5. The rite of Holy Communion or the Mass, regarded as (Protestantism) an offering of thanksgiving to God for Christ's crucifixion, or (Roman Catholicism) a perpetual re-presentation of Christ's sacrificial offering. broadly,countable,specifically,uncountable
    — The pretensions of the holy see, the authority of tradition, purgatory, transubstantiation, the sacrifice of the mass, […] were copiously discussed.
  6. The destruction or surrender of anything for the sake of something else regarded as more urgent or valuable; also, the thing destroyed or surrendered for this purpose. countable,figuratively,uncountable
    — the sacrifice of one’s spare time in order to volunteer
  7. Ellipsis of sacrifice bunt or sacrifice hit (“a play in which the batter intentionally hits the ball softly with a hands-spread batting stance at the cost of an out to advance one or more runners”). abbreviation,alt-of,countable,ellipsis,figuratively
  8. In full sacrifice bid: a bid of a contract which is unlikely to be fulfilled, that a player makes in the hope that they will incur fewer penalty points than the points likely to be gained by opponents in making their contract. countable,figuratively,uncountable
  9. A monetary loss incurred by selling something at less than its value; also, the thing thus sold. countable,dated,figuratively,slang,uncountable
    — The Old Year was already looked upon as dead; and its effects were selling cheap like some drowned mariner's aboardship. Its patterns were Last Year's and going at a sacrifice, before its breath was gone. Its treasures were mere dirt, beside the riches of its unborn successor!
  10. An act of intentionally allowing one's piece to be captured by the opponent in order to improve one's position in the game. countable,figuratively,uncountable
动词 v.
  1. To offer (a human being or an animal, or an object) to a deity. transitive
    — And there ſhall bee no leauened bread ſeene with thee in all thy coaſts ſeuen dayes, neither ſhall there any thing of the fleſh, which thou ſacrificedſt the firſt day at Euen, remaine all night, vntill the morning.
  2. To destroy or kill (a human being or an animal); specifically (sciences), to kill (an animal) for a scientific experiment or test. broadly,figuratively,transitive
    — Condemn'd to ſacrifice his childiſh Years / To babling Ign'rance, and to empty Fears; […]
  3. To destroy or surrender (something) for the sake of something else regarded as more urgent or valuable. broadly,figuratively,transitive
    — Venison has many advantages over meat from factory farms, although it still requires a hunter to sacrifice the life of a deer.
  4. Of a batter: to advance (one or more runners on base) by batting the ball so it can be fielded, placing the batter out but with insufficient time to put the runner(s) out. broadly,figuratively,transitive
  5. To sell (something) at less than its value, thus incurring a monetary loss. broadly,dated,figuratively,slang,transitive
    — A newspaper advertisement announces that "A professional gentleman is instructed to sacrifice Three young sound Horses at half their cost." We wonder what deity horses could be sacrificed to?
  6. To intentionally allow (a piece) to be captured by the opponent in order to improve one's position in the game. broadly,figuratively,transitive
  7. To offer a human being or an animal, or an object, to a deity. intransitive
    — All things come alike to all: there is one euent to the righteous and to the wicked, to the good and to the cleane, and to the vncleane; to him that ſacrificeth, and to him that ſacrificeth not: as is the good, ſo is the ſinner, and hee that ſweareth, as he that feareth an oath.
  8. Of a batter: to bat the ball so that it can be fielded, placing the batter out but allowing one or more runners on base to advance. broadly,figuratively,intransitive
  9. To make a bid of a contract which is unlikely to be fulfilled, in the hope that that the player will incur fewer penalty points than the points likely to be gained by opponents in making their contract. broadly,figuratively,intransitive
  10. To celebrate Holy Communion or Mass. broadly,figuratively,intransitive
    — For what power but God's can make good the promise of tendering the Body and Blood of Christ, as a visible mean^([sic]) to convey His Spirit? And he that goes about to make this change by consecrating the eucharist, must needs be understood to acknowledge this power of God's; but this is not that acknowledgment, which sacrificing importeth, but that, which every act of religion implieth. He that sacrificeth, acknowledging that which he sacrificeth, with all that he hath, to [come from or belong to]^([sic]) God, to testify this acknowledgment, abandoneth that which he sacrificeth to be destroyed in testimony of it.

词形变化

sacrifices plural sacrifices present,singular,third-person sacrificing participle,present sacrificed participle,past sacrificed past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template sacrifice infinitive sacrifice first-person,present,singular sacrificed first-person,past,singular sacrifice present,second-person,singular sacrificest archaic,present,second-person,singular sacrificed past,second-person,singular sacrificedst archaic,past,second-person,singular sacrifices present,singular,third-person sacrificeth archaic,present,singular,third-person sacrificed past,singular,third-person sacrifice plural,present sacrificed past,plural sacrifice present,subjunctive sacrificed past,subjunctive sacrifice imperative,present - imperative,past sacrificing participle,present sacrificed participle,past

词汇关系

衍生词
human sacrifice nonsacrifice presacrifice pseudosacrifice sac sacrifice area sacrifice bunt sacrifice fly sacrifice hit sacrificeless sacrifice zone salary sacrifice self-sacrifice supreme sacrifice ultimate sacrifice resacrifice sacrificable sacrificeable sacrificed sacrificer sacrificing sacrificingly self-sacrificing unsacrificeable unsacrificed unsacrificing
相关词
nonsacrificial sacred sacrificial sacrificially sacrificialness

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-
Proto-Indo-European *-rós
Proto-Indo-European *sh₂krós
Proto-Italic *sakros
Old Latin sacros
Latin sacerder.
Latin sacrum
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁k-
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁kyéti
Proto-Italic *θakjō
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin faciō
Proto-Indo-European *-yós
Proto-Italic *-ios
Old Latin -ios
Latin -ius
Latin -ium
Latin sacrificiumlbor.
Old French sacrifisebor.
Middle English sacrifice
English sacrifice
From Middle English sacrifice (“act of offering a life or object to a deity; the life or object so offered”), from Anglo-Norman sacrefiz, and Old French sacrifice, sacrifise (modern French sacrifice), from Latin sacrificium (“something offered to a deity, sacrifice”), from sacrum (“sacrifice, sacrificial rite”) + faciō (“to do, to make”) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The noun sacrum is the nominalized neuter of the adjective sacer (“devoted to a deity for sacrifice; holy, sacred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k- (“ceremony, ritual; to make sacred”), and the verb faciō is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”). Related Latin formations include sacrificus (“of or pertaining to sacrifice, sacrificial”) and sacrificō (“to make a sacrifice”). Displaced native Old English blōt.
Cognates
* Italian sagrifizio
* Occitan sacrifici
* Portuguese sacrificio
* Spanish sacrificio
词源 2
From Middle English sacrificen (“to offer a sacrifice to a deity”), from sacrifice (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).
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