plume

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈpluːm/|/ˈpljuːm/    美 /ˈplum/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration. archaic,literary,poetic
    — Near-synonym: aigrette
  2. A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle. archaic,literary,poetic
    — Near-synonym: aigrette
  3. A token of honour or prowess; that on which one prides oneself; a prize or reward. figuratively
    — But well thou comſt / Before thy fellows, ambitious to win / From me ſom Plume, that thy ſucceſs may ſhow / Deſtruction to the reſt: […]
  4. The vane (“flattened, web-like part”) of a feather, especially when on a quill pen or the fletching of an arrow.
  5. Ellipsis of plume moth (“a small, slender moth of the family Pterophoridae”). abbreviation,alt-of,ellipsis
  6. Things resembling a feather.
    — Tidal gravitational effects cause plumes of sodium silicate to erupt from Elaaden's core, depositing unusually pure silicon sand across the surface—invaluable for manufacturing high-performance computer hardware.
  7. Things resembling a feather.; A cloud formed by a dispersed substance fanning out or spreading.
    — After the explosion, a plume of smoke could be seen in the sky for miles around.
  8. Things resembling a feather.; An upward spray of mist or water.
  9. Things resembling a feather.; An arc of glowing material (chiefly gases) erupting from the surface of a star.
  10. Things resembling a feather.; A large and flexible panicle of an inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.
  11. Things resembling a feather.; Ellipsis of mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”). abbreviation,alt-of,ellipsis
  12. Things resembling a feather.; A body part resembling a feather.; The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.
  13. Things resembling a feather.; A body part resembling a feather.; More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs.
动词 v.
  1. To adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes, or as if with feathers or plumes. also,figuratively,transitive
  2. Chiefly of a bird: to arrange and preen the feathers of, specifically in preparation for flight; hence (figurative), to prepare for (something). reflexive,transitive
    — I make no doubt she has made the best of her way back to the hospitable hall of Sir Watkyn Williams Wynne; and may very possibly be pluming her wings, at this present writing, among the breezy bowers of Wynnstay.
  3. To congratulate (oneself) proudly, especially concerning something unimportant or when taking credit for another person's effort; to self-congratulate; to preen. broadly,reflexive,transitive
    — He plumes himself on his skill.
  4. To strip (a bird) of feathers; to pluck. archaic,transitive
    — the king cared not to plume his nobility
  5. To strip (a bird) of feathers; to pluck.; To peel, to strip completely; to pillage; also, to deprive of power. archaic,broadly,transitive
  6. To strip (a bird) of feathers; to pluck.; Of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey. archaic,obsolete,transitive
    — The hauke proineth when ſhe fetcheth oyle with her beake over the taile, and anointeth her feet and her fethers. She plumeth when ſhe pulleth fethers of anie foule and caſteth them from her.
  7. Of a dispersed substance such as dust or smoke: to fan out or spread in a cloud. intransitive
    — Smoke plumed from his pipe, then slowly settled towards the floor.

词形变化

plumes plural plumes present,singular,third-person pluming participle,present plumed participle,past plumed past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template plume infinitive plume first-person,present,singular plumed first-person,past,singular plume present,second-person,singular plumest archaic,present,second-person,singular plumed past,second-person,singular plumedst archaic,past,second-person,singular plumes present,singular,third-person plumeth archaic,present,singular,third-person plumed past,singular,third-person plume plural,present plumed past,plural plume present,subjunctive plumed past,subjunctive plume imperative,present - imperative,past pluming participle,present plumed participle,past

词汇关系

衍生词
antiplume Apache plume displume emplume interplume megaplume nom-de-plume plume alum plumebird plume grass plume head plume holder plume-holder plumeless plumelet plumelike plume moth plume nutmeg plume poppy plumery plumeseed plume tail plumist plumy prince's plume pull someone's plumes semiplume Silver Plume Spanish plume superplume warrior's plume plumed replume unplume unplumed
相关词
aigrette plumage plumaged

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *plew-
Proto-Indo-European *plewk-der.
Proto-Indo-European *plewk-smeh₂
Proto-Italic *plouksmā
Latin plūma
Anglo-Norman plumebor.
Middle English plume
English plume
From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume, from Old French plume, plome (“feather, plumage”), from Latin plūma (“feather, plumage”) (compare Late Latin plūma (“pen, quill”)), from Proto-Italic *plouksmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Doublet of pluma.
词源 2
Sense 1 (“to adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes”) is derived from Anglo-Norman plumer (“to cover with or provide with feathers”), or its etymon Latin plūmāre, the present active infinitive of plūmō (“to grow feathers, to fledge; to cover with feathers, to feather; to embroider with a feathery pattern”) (and compare Late Latin plūmō (“to attach feathers to arrows; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey; (figurative) to celebrate, praise”)), from plūma (“feather; plumage; down”) (see etymology 1) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
Senses 2–4 (“to arrange and preen the feathers of; to congratulate (oneself) proudly; to strip of feathers”) are from Late Middle English plumen (“to remove the feathers from a bird; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers or the head from prey”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plumer (“to remove the feathers from a bird; to pull out (hairs, especially from a moustache); to rob”), from plūma (see etymology 1).
Sense 5 (“to fan out or spread in a cloud”) is derived from plume (noun).
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