near

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 副词 adv. 介词 prep.
中文释义
英 /nɪə/|[nɪə̯]|/nɪː/|/nɪj.ə/    美 /nɪɹ/|/nɪə̯/|[nɪː]

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Kidney. Derbyshire,dialectal,rare
  2. The left side of a horse or of a team of horses pulling a carriage etc.
动词 v.
  1. To come closer to; to approach. ambitransitive
    — The ship nears the land.
形容词 adj.
  1. Physically close.
    — I can't see near objects very clearly without my glasses.
  2. Close in time.
    — The end is near.
  3. Closely connected or related.
    — The deceased man had no near relatives.
  4. Close to one's interests, affection, etc.; intimate; dear.
    — It is a matter of near consequence to me.
  5. Close to anything followed or imitated; not free, loose, or rambling.
    — a version near to the original
  6. So as barely to avoid or pass injury or loss; close; narrow.
    — a near escape
  7. Approximate, almost.
    — The two words are near synonyms.
  8. On the side nearest to the kerb (the left-hand side if one drives on the left). UK
    — The near front wheel came loose.
  9. Next to the driver, when he is on foot; (US) on the left of an animal or a team. dated
    — the near ox; the near leg
  10. Immediate; direct; close; short. obsolete
    — Toward ſolid good what leads the neareſt way;
  11. Stingy; parsimonious. archaic
    — Don't be near with your pocketbook.
  12. Within the currently selected segment in a segmented memory architecture. not-comparable
    — a near pointer
副词 adv.
  1. At or towards a position close in space or time.
  2. Nearly; almost.
    — He was near unconscious when I found him.
介词 prep.
  1. Physically close to, in close proximity to.
    — There are habitable planets orbiting many of the stars near our Sun.
  2. Close to in time.
    — The voyage was near completion.
  3. Close to in nature or degree.
    — His opinions are near the limit of what is acceptable.

词形变化

nearer comparative nearest superlative nearer comparative nearest superlative nears present,singular,third-person nearing participle,present neared participle,past neared past nears plural nears plural neer alternative niere alternative neire alternative

词汇关系

近义词
around the corner citerior close close by immediate near nearby present propinquitous proximate
反义词
off distant far from
下位词
adjacent adjoining bordering
衍生词
as near as matters Kingston near Lewes nearable nearabout nearabouts near abroad near-antonym near as a toucher nearbout nearby nearcation near-earth Near East nearest and dearest near-fall nearfall near gale nearhand near infrared nearish Near Islands near letter-quality nearline nearling nearly near miss near-native nearness near ox near real-time near relative near rhyme Near Sawrey nearshore near space near surface near-surface near-syncope near the mark nearwork overnear pertineer unnear unnearable well-near why is the ocean near the shore near-minimal pair near-sighted near at hand near-death experience near-Earth object near the knuckle
相关词
next modicum

词源

词源 1
From Middle English nere, ner, from Old English nēar (“nearer”, comparative of nēah (“nigh”), the superlative would become next), influenced by Old Norse nær (“near”), both originating from Proto-Germanic *nēhwiz (“nearer”), comparative of the adverb *nēhw (“near”), from the adjective *nēhwaz, ultimately from Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂nḗḱwos, a lengthened-grade adjective derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).
Cognates
Cognate with North Frisian nai, noi, näi (“close, near”), Saterland Frisian nai (“close, near”), Dutch na (“close”), naar (“to, towards”), Dutch Low Saxon nao (“after”), German nach (“after”), nahe (“near”), näher (“nearer”), German Low German nao, nå (“towards”), Luxembourgish no (“after”), Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk nær (“close, near”), Swedish när, nära (“close, near”), Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐍈 (nēƕ, “close, near”). See also nigh.
Near appears to be derived from (or at the very least influenced by) the North Germanic languages; as opposed to nigh, which continues the inherited West Germanic adjective. Both, however, are ultimately derived from the same Proto-Germanic root: *nēhw (“near, close”).
词源 2
From Middle English nēre, neere (“kidney, abdomen; (pl.) seat of emotions”), probably from unattested Old English *nēora, *nīora, from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô; but alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German nêre. Cognate with Scots nere, neir, German Niere, Dutch nier, Norwegian nyre, Icelandic nýra, and more distantly Latin nefronēs pl (Praeneste dialect), Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós), all meaning both “kidney” and “testicle”.
In most English dialects, this word survived only as a fossil in the second syllable of kidney (earlier kide-nēre), wherein the original r was apparently replaced with y.
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