helm

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /hɛlm/    美 /hɛlm/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to steer the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.
    — Ye this is both helme & stern of al together: & that which they contended right sore to impugn, but loue of the truth, wherwith in this poynte I reckened me wel fēsed, wold not suffer me to apply & yeld to their wil, thinking, quod sanctū erat veritatē preferre amicitiæ, that the truth ought to be preferred before al frendship & amitye, & also, Si dextra manus scandalizet deberet prescidi & abijci.
  2. A stalk of corn, or (uncountable) stalks of corn collectively (that is, straw), especially when bundled together or laid out straight to be used for thatching roofs. countable,transitive
  3. A helmet. archaic,poetic,transitive
    — Their plumed helmes are wrought with beaten golde, / Their ſwords enameld, and about their neckes / Hangs maſſie chaines of golde downe to the waſte, / In euery part exceding braue and rich.
  4. The use of a helm (sense 1); also, the amount of space through which a helm is turned. broadly
  5. Alternative form of haulm (“the stems of various cultivated plants, left after harvesting the crop, which are used as animal food or litter, or for thatching”). alt-of,alternative,transitive,uncountable
    — The sheriff, John Griffith, had prepared green wood to burn him; but one master John Pikes, pitying the man, caused divers to go with him to Ridland, half a mile off, who brought good store of helme-sheaves, which indeed made good dispatch with little pain, in comparison to that he should have suffered with the green wood.
  6. Synonym of helmet (“the feature above a shield on a coat of arms”). transitive
  7. A shelter for cattle or other farm animals; a hemmel, a shed. Northern-England,broadly,transitive
  8. The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman. broadly
  9. Synonym of bentgrass (“any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis”) obsolete,transitive,uncountable
    — The Italians, and Spaniards, call it Sparto, and the ſecond ſort Albardi, The Dutch Halm. And vve in Engliſh, Helme, and Matvveede, but the people all along the Coaſts of Norfolke and Suffolke, call it Marram, and may be called Sea Ruſhes as vvell.
  10. A heavy cloud lying on the brow of a mountain, especially one associated with a storm. broadly,transitive
    — Then ancient Skiddaw, stern and proud, / In sullen majesty replying, / Thus spake from out of his helm of cloud […]
  11. Something used to control or steer; also (obsolete), a handle of a tool or weapon; a haft, a helve. broadly
    — A great axe first she gave, that two ways cut, / In which a fair well-polish'd helm was put, / That from an olive bough receiv'd his frame.
  12. A position of control or leadership. figuratively
    — the helm of the Commonwealth
  13. The crown or top of something. broadly,dialectal,obsolete,transitive
  14. One in the position of controlling or directing; a controller, a director, a guide. figuratively
    — [Y]ou ſlander / The Helmes o'th State: vvho care for you like Fathers, / VVhen you curſe them, as Enemies.
  15. The upper part or cap of an alembic or retort. broadly,obsolete,transitive
    — The Dragons teeth, Mercurie ſublimate, / That keepes the vvhiteneſſe, hardneſſe and the biting; / And they are gather’d, into Iaſon’s helme, / (Th’Alembeke) and then ſovv’d in Mars his field, / And, thence, ſublim’d ſo often, till they are fix’d.
动词 v.
  1. To control the helm (noun sense 1) of (a marine vessel); to be in charge of steering (a vessel). transitive
    — [A] wild wave in the wild North-sea, / […] overbears the bark, / And him that helms it, […]
  2. To cover (a head) with a helmet; to provide (someone) with a helmet; to helmet. archaic,poetic,transitive
    — Oh Noble Conon, / You taught my tender Hands the Trade of VVar; / And novv again you Helm your hoary Head, / And under double vveight of Age and Arms, / Aſſert your Countries Freedom, and my Crovvn.
  3. To lay out (stalks of corn, or straw) straight to be used for thatching roofs; to yelm. transitive
  4. To direct or lead (a project, etc.); to manage (an organization). figuratively,transitive
    — Ile ſtriue to be nor great nor ſmale, / To liue nor die, fate helmeth all, / VVhen I can breath no longer, then, / Heauen take all, there put Amen.

词形变化

helms plural helms present,singular,third-person helming participle,present helmed participle,past helmed past no-table-tags table-tags glossary inflection-template helm infinitive helm first-person,present,singular helmed first-person,past,singular helm present,second-person,singular helmest archaic,present,second-person,singular helmed past,second-person,singular helmedst archaic,past,second-person,singular helms present,singular,third-person helmeth archaic,present,singular,third-person helmed past,singular,third-person helm plural,present helmed past,plural helm present,subjunctive helmed past,subjunctive helm imperative,present - imperative,past helming participle,present helmed participle,past helms plural helms present,singular,third-person helming participle,present helmed participle,past helmed past helms plural helms present,singular,third-person helming participle,present helmed participle,past helmed past

词汇关系

衍生词
answer the helm at the helm autohelm barrel helm behelmed close helm dishelm great helm helmage helmless helm port helm-port helmsman helmsperson helmswoman take the helm unhelm uphelm weather helm helmer behelm helmed

词源

词源 1
The noun is derived from Middle English helm, helme (“tiller of a ship”), from Old English helma (“helm, tiller”), from Proto-Germanic *helmô (“handle; helm, tiller”), either from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”) or from the same source as haulm and helm (“bentgrass, straw”) (see below), Proto-Indo-European *ḱélh₂-m(on)- (“reed, hollow stalk”), one form of which then developed a specialized meaning “handle” in Germanic.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* German Holm (“beam”)
* Old Norse hjálm
词源 2
From Middle English helm (“helmet; crown of thorns of Jesus; warrior; inn or shop sign”) [and other forms], from Old English helm (“helmet”), from Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“protective covering”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos, from the root *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of heaume and related to helmet.
Cognates
* Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)
* Old Frisian helm (West Frisian helm)
* Old High German helm (Middle High German helm, modern German Helm; Italian elmo; Old French helme, modern French heaume; Spanish yelmo)
* Old Norse hjalmr (Danish hjelm, Norwegian hjelm, Swedish hjälm)
* Old Saxon helm (Low German Helm, Middle Dutch helm, modern Dutch helm)
词源 3
From Middle English helmen, helmi (“to provide with a helmet; (figuratively) to cover; to protect”), from Old English helmian (“to cover”), ġehelmian (“to cover with a helmet; to crown”), from (ġe- (prefix with an intensifying effect, or forming nouns or verbs denoting processes or results) +) helm (“helmet”) (see further at etymology 2) + -ian (suffix forming verbs from adjectives and nouns).
词源 4
The noun is possibly:
* a variant of haulm; or
* from its etymon Middle English halm, helm, Early Middle English healm (“straw, stubble; stalk (?); handle of a tool or weapon”) [and other forms], from Old English healm (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw, stubble”) or an unattested variant *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (see Proto-West Germanic *helm) or *halmaz (“stalk of a grass or plant; hay, straw”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab, stick”).
The verb is either derived from the noun, or is possibly a variant of yelm.
Cognates
Dutch helm (“haulm”); helm, hellem, hellim (“straw”) (dialectal)
Low German helm (“haulm”) (hallem (Heligoland), halm (Holstein))
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