harden

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈhɑːdn̩/    美 /ˈhɑɹdn̩/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Alternative form of hurden (“coarse linen”). alt-of,alternative,countable,uncountable
动词 v.
  1. To become hard. intransitive
    — The Chief Medical Officer of London Transport believes that public opinion against smoking will harden to the point of a total bar on the Underground, as in other countries.
  2. To make something hard or harder. ergative,transitive
  3. To strengthen. figuratively,transitive
    — In view of the system's relatively low cost, the preferred alternative could be for the military user to avail himself of multiple base stations rather than seeking to harden the base station hardware for defense applications.
  4. To modify (a website or other system) to make it resistant to malicious attacks. transitive
  5. To become or make (a person or thing) resistant or less sensitive. ambitransitive
    — When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.
  6. To get an erection. informal,intransitive
    — He hardened as he imagined himself running his hands over her small breasts
  7. To become or make (a consonant) more fortis; to (cause to) undergo fortition. ambitransitive
  8. To unpalatalize or velarize.
    — Of course one needs to keep in mind the fact that *tʹ and *dʹ are hardened before *e and *i in Ukrainian and Rusyn[…]

词形变化

hardens present,singular,third-person hardening participle,present hardened participle,past hardened past hardens plural

词汇关系

近义词
anneal harden indurate obdurate sclerotise solidify steel stiffen temper
反义词
soften
下位词
freeze ossify petrify vitrify ruggedize
衍生词
caseharden case harden deharden enharden forharden hammer-harden hardenability hardenable hardened hardener hardening hardenite harden off harden one's neck harden someone's heart harden up overharden photoharden preharden reharden superharden unharden work-harden
相关词
hardness hard strengthen

词源

From Middle English hardenen, equivalent to hard + -en. Cognate with Danish hærdne (“to harden; cure”), Swedish hårdna (“to harden”), Norwegian herdne (“to harden”), Icelandic harðna (“to harden”).
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