VKS

— The two deepest explored phreatic caves in the world, Pozzo del Merro, Italy, and El Zacatón, Mexico (Gary et al. 2003; Knab 2009) are both hypothesized to have developed in hypogene settings, specifically in the subset defined as a volcanogenic karst system (VKS) (Gary and Sharp 2006, 2009). [¶] Volcanogenic karst systems (VKS) are formed when a groundwater system in soluble rock interacts with volcanic activity in the subsurface.

— With respect to future work, the chapter identifies a number of major challenges for the designers and adopters of VKSs. They include different needs across disciplines, difficulty in systems use, privacy concerns and the need for advocacy. These findings can serve as an incentive for improving VKSs, as well as for the future research in their adoption and use.

— The VKS can be used with either a magazine holding 10–15 projectiles or a hopper holding 180 projectiles. It has a maximum range of 150 feet and can fire 20 plus projectiles per second. The VKS can fire a variety of Pepperball projectiles, including Live X rounds holding 2.5g of 5% PAVA powder—the “most potent and powerful concentration”—equivalent to the agent contained in 10 regular Pepperball PAVA rounds. Given the maximum range, rate of fire and PAVA amounts/concentrations of projectiles, soldiers employing the VKS are capable of rapidly blanketing wide areas with irritant, effecting^([sic]) significant numbers of people, which in certain proposed missions would be of potential concern.

— This article surveys existing second language (L2) vocabulary measures of both kinds and describes in detail a recently developed instrument designed to assess levels of familiarity with given words, the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) (Paribakht & Wesche, 1993a, 1993b).

— In 2015, Russia combined its air, air-defense, and space forces into the VKS, consistent with strategic writings that argue that the air and space domains have merged over time into a single aerospace domain. As noted later in this section, in this time period, the VKS, more than the other services, received new platforms that were consistent with the stated strategy.