tough

名词 n. 动词 v. 形容词 adj. 感叹词 intj.
中文释义
英 /tʌf/    美 /tʌf/|/tɐf/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A person who obtains things by force; a thug or bully.
    — They were doing fine until they encountered a bunch of toughs from the opposition.
动词 v.
  1. To endure.
    — We shall reminisce on how we toughed it through the winters as they reached the firm, long arm around to give the cold embrace, with ardor seldom loosed till warm winds Marched or Apriled in to soften winter's knuckles -- send rivulets of courage down to dandelions and tulips.
  2. To toughen.
形容词 adj.
  1. Of a material, strong and resilient; sturdy.
    — The tent, made of tough canvas, held up to many abuses.
  2. Of food, difficult to cut or chew.
    — To soften a tough cut of meat, the recipe suggested simmering it for hours.
  3. Of a person or animal, rugged or physically hardy. figuratively
    — Only a tough species will survive in the desert.
  4. Of a person, stubborn or persistent; capable of stubbornness or persistence. figuratively
    — He had a reputation as a tough negotiator.
  5. Of weather, harsh or severe. informal
  6. Rowdy or rough. figuratively
    — A bunch of the tough boys from the wrong side of the tracks threatened him.
  7. Of a question, difficult or demanding. figuratively,informal
    — This is a tough crowd.
  8. Undergoing plastic deformation before breaking. material
  9. Strict, not lenient. figuratively,informal
    — tough on crime
感叹词 intj.
  1. Used to indicate lack of sympathy slang
    — If you don't like it, tough!

词形变化

tougher comparative toughest superlative tuff alternative,pronunciation-spelling tuff alternative,pronunciation-spelling toughs plural tuff alternative,pronunciation-spelling toughs present,singular,third-person toughing participle,present toughed participle,past toughed past tuff alternative,pronunciation-spelling

词汇关系

衍生词
do it tough hang tough semitough supertough tough act to follow tough ask tough as nails tough as old boots tough as teak tough bananas tough beans tough break tough-cake tough call tough case tough cookie tough cookies tough crowd toughen tough going tough guy tough-guy tough-guyness toughhearted toughie toughish tough love tough-love tough luck toughly toughminded tough-minded toughness tough noogies tough nut tough nut to crack tough on crime tough pill to swallow tough-pitch tough road to hoe tough row to hoe tough sell toughshank tough shit tough-skinned tough sledding tough tacos tough tarts tough times tough titties tough titty tough titty said the kitty tough toenails tough toodles tough tooshie tough tuchus tough tushie toughy ultratough untough when the going gets tough, the tough get going tough out tough it out

词源

词源 1
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).
词源 2
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).
词源 3
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).
词源 4
From Middle English tough, towgh, tou, toȝ, from Old English tōh (“tough, tenacious, holding fast together; pliant; sticky, glutinous, clammy”), from Proto-West Germanic *tą̄h(ī), from Proto-Germanic *tanhuz (“fitting; clinging; tenacious; tough”), from *tinganą (“to press upon, throng”), from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”).
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian toai (“tough”), Bavarian zaach, zach (“tough”), Dutch taai (“tough”), German zäh, zähe (“tough”), Limburgish tiee (“tough”), Luxembourgish zéi (“tough”); also Ancient Greek δάκνω (dáknō, “to bite”), Albanian danë, darë (“tongs; pincers; pliers”), Sanskrit दशति (daśati, “to bite”).
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