surprisal

名词 n.
中文释义

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A surprise attack or ambush; a sudden or unexpected assault. countable,obsolete,uncountable
    — Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems, trecheries, or surprisals.
  2. A sudden coming-upon someone or something unexpectedly or unawares. countable,obsolete,uncountable
    — How to secure the lady from surprisal
  3. A surprising event or occurrence. countable,obsolete,uncountable
  4. The feeling caused by being surprised; surprise, shock, amazement. countable,obsolete,uncountable
  5. An information measure as equal in bits (binary digits) to the base-2 log of 1 over the probability, with the result that the number of choices equals 2ⁿ where n is the number of bits. countable,uncountable
    — Because language is produced and processed over time, we get it bit by bit. This allows a measure of the goodness of an incoming word according to how expected it was, given the preceding context: its expectedness or surprisal. Surprisal and expectedness are inverses: When an incoming word is highly expected, its surprisal is close to zero.

词形变化

surprisals plural

词源

From surprise + -al.
(information measure): Defined by Myron Tribus in the 1961 book Thermostatics and Thermodynamics.
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