stress

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈstɹɛs/|/ˈʃt͡ʃɹɛs/    美 /stɹɛs/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A physical, chemical, infective agent aggressing an organism. countable,uncountable
  2. Aggression toward an organism resulting in a response in an attempt to restore previous conditions. countable,uncountable
  3. The internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ or τ. countable
  4. Force externally applied to a body which cause internal stress within the body. countable
  5. Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal. uncountable
    — Go easy on him, he's been under a lot of stress lately.
  6. A suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound, word or word group by means of of loudness, duration or pitch; phonological prominence. broadly,countable
    — lexical stress
  7. The suprasegmental feature of a language having additional attention raised to a sound by means of loudness and/or duration; phonological prominence phonetically achieved by means of dynamics as distinct from pitch. countable
    — The shift from pitch to stress appears to happen before the other obliques begin merging in the Proto-Italic, Proto-Germanic, Primitive Irish, and Middle Indo-Aryan. But further investigation into the timeline of sound changes […] shows that, at least in Germanic, the oblique and core noun stems sound quite unpredictably different in all these families by the time of the crucial accent shift from pitch to stress. […] once a language becomes stress-sensitive, there seems to be a strong tendency in early Indo-European languages to shift the stress to the first syllable. This change happens shortly after the change to stress accent in Proto-Germanic, Proto-Italic, and Proto-Celtic, and even Thessalian, with evidence from Dybo's Law and Verner's Law left behind to show that sound changes happened after the changes to stress accent.
  8. Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written). uncountable
  9. Obsolete form of distress. alt-of,countable,obsolete,uncountable
    — With this sad Hersal of his heavy stress, The warlike Damzel was empassion's sore, And said; Sir Knight, your Cause is nothing less Than is your Sorrow , certes if not more
  10. distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained. countable,uncountable
动词 v.
  1. To apply force to (a body or structure) causing strain. transitive
  2. To apply emotional pressure to (a person or animal). transitive
  3. To suffer stress; to worry or be agitated. informal,intransitive
  4. To emphasise (a syllable of a word). transitive
    — “Emphasis” is stressed on the first syllable, but “emphatic” is stressed on the second.
  5. To emphasise (words in speaking). transitive
  6. To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion. transitive
    — I must stress that this information is given in strict confidence.

词形变化

stresses plural stresses present,singular,third-person stressing participle,present stressed participle,past stressed past

词汇关系

近义词
accent emphasis emphasise emphasize
衍生词
antistress anti-stress anxiostressive backstress combat stress reaction complex post-traumatic stress disorder critical incident stress management cryostress eigenstress electrostress engineering stress eu-stress eustress flow stress genostress genotoxic stress geostress hyperstress hypostress infostress internal stress interstress isostress macrostress microstress mitostress nitrosative stress nonstress nonstress test osmostress oxidative stress paleostress Peierls stress photostress porcine stress syndrome poststress post traumatic stress disorder posttraumatic stress disorder post-traumatic stress disorder post-traumatic stress syndrome premenstrual stress primary stress psychostress residual stress secondary stress shear stress storm and stress stressaholic stress ball stressbuster stressbusting stress cardiomyopathy stress deafness stress eating stress fracture stress-free stressfree stressful stress function stresshead stressify stress incontinence stressless stresslet stress mark stress of weather stressogenic stressosome stressproof stress puppy stress test stress-timed stress timing stresswise stress wood stressy technostress thermostress true stress yield stress prestress unstress de-stress destress misstress overstress restress stressability stressable stressed stressee stressor stress out understress
相关词
strain strait strict stringent stringency

词源

词源 1
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-European *streyg-der.
Latin stringō
Latin distringōder.
Old French destrecierbor.
Middle English destresse
English stress
From a shortening of Middle English destresse, borrowed from Old French destrecier, from Latin distringō (“to stretch out”). This form probably coalesced with Middle English stresse, from Old French estrece (“narrowness”), from Vulgar Latin *strictia, from Latin strictus (“narrow”).
In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.
词源 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁
Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-
Proto-Italic *dis-
Latin dis-
Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-der.
Proto-Indo-European *streyg-der.
Latin stringō
Latin distringōder.
Old French destrecierbor.
Middle English destresse
English stress
From a shortening of Middle English destresse, borrowed from Old French destrecier, from Latin distringō (“to stretch out”). This form probably coalesced with Middle English stresse, from Old French estrece (“narrowness”), from Vulgar Latin *strictia, from Latin strictus (“narrow”).
In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.
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