kidney

名词 n.
中文释义

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.
    — The liver and the kidneys of animals have long been gastronomically popular for their aphrodisiac properties.
  2. This organ (of an animal) cooked as food.
  3. Constitution, temperament, nature, type, character, disposition. (usually used of people) dated,figuratively
    — […] think of that, – a man of my kidney, – think of that, […]
  4. A waiter. obsolete,slang
    — I once more desire my readers to consider that as I cannot keep an ingenious man to go daily to Will's under twopence each day merely for his charges, to White's under sixpence, nor to the Grecian without allowing him some plain Spanish, to be as able as others at the learned table; and that a good observer cannot speak with even Kidney at St. James's without clean linen; […]

词形变化

kidneys plural

词汇关系

近义词
rein nephros ren
衍生词
acute kidney failure acute kidney injury antikidney artificial kidney fat-kidneyed floating kidney forekidney head kidney kidney bean kidney belt kidney cancer kidney corpuscle kidney dagger kidney disease kidney dish kidneyed kidney gravel kidneyless kidneylike kidney machine kidney ore kidney potato kidney punch kidney-punch kidney-shaped kidneyshell kidney stone kidney vetch kidneywood kidneywort monokidney pseudokidney pulpy kidney sea kidney skirts and kidneys steak and kidney pie xenokidney
相关词
renal suprarenal

词源

From Middle English kideney, kydeney, alteration of earlier kidenere (“kidney”) after ey (“egg”), of obscure origin and formation. Probably a compound consisting of Middle English *kidde (“sack”) + Middle English nere (“kidney”). The first element would be from Old English *cydde (“sack, scrotum”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddijā (“sack”), as the terms for testicle and kidney were often interchangeable in Germanic (compare Old High German nioro (“kidney", also "testicle”), Old Swedish vig-niauri (“testicle”)); the second is from Old English *nēora or Middle Low German nêre (“kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô (“kidney”), from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰr- (“kidney”). If so, then related to dialectal English near (“kidney”), Scots neir (“kidney”), Saterland Frisian Njuure (“kidney”), West Frisian nier (“kidney”), Dutch nier (“kidney”), German Niere (“kidney”), Danish nyre (“kidney”), Norwegian nyre (“kidney”), Swedish njure (“kidney”), Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”).
An alternate etymology traces the first element to Old English cwiþ, cwiþa (“belly, womb, stomach”), though the loss of /w/ in a stressed syllable is difficult to explain.
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