graft

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ɡɹɑːft/    美 /ɡɹæft/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. Corruption in official life. uncountable
  2. A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.
  3. A ditch, a canal. obsolete
  4. A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.
  5. Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life. uncountable
  6. The depth of the blade of a digging tool such as a spade or shovel.
    — […] in the first operation, we dug through the peat, the hard sand, and gravel, and one spade's graft (about nine inches deep, and seven inches wide) into the quick sand, the whole length of this drain,[…]
  7. A narrow spade used in digging drainage trenches.
  8. A criminal’s special branch of practice. slang,uncountable
  9. A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.
  10. A con job. countable
  11. A cut of the take (money). countable,slang
  12. A bribe, especially on an ongoing basis. US,uncountable
    — If policemen take graft now from the liquor dealers for the privilege of keeping open on Sunday, what is to prevent them, if this bill is passed, from taking graft from the liquor men for the privilege of selling liquor before 1 p.m. on Sunday[…]?
  13. Work; labor requiring effort. UK,colloquial,uncountable
    — We had to put in a lot of hard graft to get the job done.
  14. A job or trade. UK,colloquial,countable
动词 v.
  1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon. transitive
  2. To work hard. colloquial,intransitive
  3. To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting. intransitive
  4. To obtain illegal gain from bribery or similar corrupt practices.
  5. To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union. transitive
  6. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union. transitive
    — And graft my love immortal on thy fame!
  7. To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns. transitive
  8. To form a graft polymer

词形变化

grafts plural graff alternative,archaic grafts present,singular,third-person grafting participle,present grafted participle,past grafted past graff alternative,archaic grafts plural grafts plural grafts present,singular,third-person grafting participle,present grafted participle,past grafted past

词汇关系

近义词
attach put together unite imp
衍生词
allograft antigraft anti-graft autograft bone graft cleftgraft dendrigraft downgraft endograft engraft graftage graftectomy graftless graftling graft polymer graft-versus-host graft-versus-host disease heterograft homograft hypergraft intergraft intragraft isograft lipograft micrograft orthograft perigraft postgraft regraft skin graft syngraft transgraft whip graft white graft xenograft zoograft graftable graft the forked tree misgraft grafting tool graftproof grafter grift

词源

词源 1
From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.
词源 2
From Middle Dutch graft (“canal”), from graven (“dig”). The contemporary senses “depth of digging blade” and “narrow spade” may have a separate history, but this is uncertain. Compare Old English grafet (“trench”), Old Norse grǫft (“the action of digging”). Attested from the 17th century. Doublet of gracht.
词源 3
Uncertain. Some lexicographers suggest an extended use of Etymology 2, above, expanding from “digging” to work more generally, and from there to dishonest work. Others, however, suggest an extension from Etymology 1, shifting from “a shoot or scion” to the notion of corruption through the idea of excrescence.
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