ethnoveterinary

— However, in countries where wildlife populations are integrated with extensive nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralism, as would be the case for West and Central Africa, the risk of FMD spread increases not only for the difficulty in applying effective control measures (e.g. pastoralists usually rely on ethnoveterinary practices and move within and between countries in an uncontrolled fashion), but also for the increase in the land-use pressure and conflict between pastoralists and wildlife competing for grazing and water resources.