dyke

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. An earthwork raised to prevent inundation of low land by the sea or flooding rivers. UK
    — The king of Texcuco advised the building of a great dike, so thick and strong as to keep out the water.
  2. A lesbian, particularly one with masculine or butch traits or behavior. UK,derogatory,offensive,slang,usually
  3. A low embankment or stone wall serving as an enclosure and boundary marker. Scotland,UK
    — The Galloway Dyke / In southwest Scotland there is a local style of dry stone dyke that is now recognized as 'the Galloway dyke', although when this pattern of ^([sic]) was first developed, it was simply described as 'the sheep dyke'.'
  4. A non-heterosexual woman. UK,broadly,derogatory,offensive,slang
  5. A masculine woman. UK,derogatory,offensive,slang,usually
  6. A raised causeway. UK
  7. A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to conduct water. UK,historical
  8. Any navigable watercourse. UK,dialectal
  9. Any watercourse. UK,dialectal
  10. Any small body of water. UK,dialectal
  11. A body of rock (usually igneous) originally filling a fissure but now often rising above the older stratum as it is eroded away. UK
    — Their exact relationship to the host-rock is obscure but from their texture and observed metamorphic relationship they are thought to be intrusive dykes rather than intercalations of more basic lava.
  12. A place to urinate and defecate: an outhouse or lavatory. Australia,UK,slang
    — In Cubbaroo's dim distant past They built a double dyke. Back to back in the yard it stood An architectural dream in wood.
  13. An embankment formed by the spoil from the creation of a ditch. UK
  14. Any hollow dug into the ground. UK,obsolete
  15. A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to serve as a boundary marker. UK,historical
  16. A wall, especially (obsolete outside heraldry) a masoned city or castle wall. UK
    — Inchbrakie gives for Arms, Or, a Dyke (or Wall) Feſsways, broke down in ſome places, and in Baſe a Roſe Gules, on a chief Sable three Eſcalops of the firſt. The Dyke (or Wall) here, is aſſumed not only to difference, but to perpetuate the valiant Action of Graham before mentioned; in throwing down the Wall and Ditch, which the Romans made betwixt Forth and Clyde, to keep out the Scots, [...]
  17. Any fence or hedge. UK,dialectal
  18. Any impediment, barrier, or difficulty. UK,figuratively
  19. A beaver's dam. UK
  20. A jetty; a pier. UK,dialectal
  21. A fissure in a rock stratum filled with intrusive rock; a fault. UK,dialectal
动词 v.
  1. To dig, particularly to create a ditch. UK,intransitive,transitive
    — He finds out, soon enough for his weal and his bane, that he is stronger than Nature: and right tyrannously and irreverently he lords it over her, clearing, delving, dyking, building, without fear or shame.
  2. To surround with a ditch, to entrench. UK,transitive
  3. To surround with a low dirt or stone wall. Scotland,UK,transitive
  4. To raise a protective earthwork against a sea or river. UK,intransitive,transitive
  5. To scour a watercourse. UK,transitive
  6. To steep [fibers] within a watercourse. UK,transitive

词形变化

dykes plural dike alternative,US dykes present,singular,third-person dyking participle,present dyked participle,past dyked past dike alternative,US dykes plural dike alternative,US

词汇关系

近义词
ditch trench fosse bank embankment earthwork
衍生词
Devil's Dyke dry-stone dyke dyke-back dyke bottom dykelet dyke-phase dyke phase dyke road dyke-rock dyke swarm dyke-swarm dyke up fail dyke February fill-dyke fill-dyke finger in the dyke King's Dyke bi-dyke big dyke energy boydyke bull dyke busy as a dyke in a hardware store designer dyke diesel dyke dykedar dykedom dykehood dykeling dyke out dykephobia dykery dyke tyke dykey dykish dykon kike dyke leatherdyke tryke
相关词
ditch dig

词源

词源 1
A variant of dike, from Northern Middle English dik and dike (“ditch”), from Old Norse díki (“ditch”). Influenced by Middle Dutch dijc (“ditch; dam”) and Middle Low German dīk (“dam”). See also ditch.
Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *dīkiją (“trench, ditch”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (“stick into, pierce; dig, stick a spade into”). The semantic evolution (also seen in several cognate words) was from "stick (a spade) into" to "dig" to "hole or other product of digging", "excavation", then the ridge of earth created when excavating a ditch, then to a ridge of earth intended to prevent flooding.
词源 2
Uncertain. Attested since the 1940s (in Berrey and Van den Bark’s 1942 American Thesaurus of Slang) or 30s. Semantic development from dyke (“ditch”) has been proposed, and some sources from the 1890s are said to record dyke as slang for "vulva" and hedge of the dyke as slang for "pubic hair", but Green's Dictionary of Slang says this is not found in connection to lesbianism and Dictionary.com considers a connection unlikely.
Bull dyke / bulldike is attested earlier, in reference to women since at least the 1920s (the 29 July 1892 Decatur Daily Review in Illinois mentions a woman who "won the affections of Harvey Neal, alias 'Bulldyke'", whose gender is unclear); compare dike (“noun: well-dressed man; verb: be well dressed”)), bulldyker, and bulldyking, which are all attested earlier than bare dyke, e.g. in Parke's 1906 Human Sexuality, in the speech of Philadelphians, and backcountry black Americans. Compare bulldagger, attested since around the same time and used especially by black women.
Other linguists suggested that bull dyke(r) referred to strong black women who dug dikes, or derived from bull + dick, perhaps in reference to black men. It has also been suggested dyke is a shortening of morphodyke, from morphodite, from hermaphrodite, but the derivation may go in the other direction instead, with morphodyke being a blend of morphodite with the already-extant word dyke.
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