burden

名词 n. 动词 v.
中文释义
英 /ˈbɜːdn̩/    美 /ˈbɜːdn̩/|/ˈbɝdn̩/

英文释义

名词 n.
  1. A heavy load.
    — I know that this was Life,—the track ⁠Whereon with equal feet we fared; ⁠And then, as now, the day prepared The daily burden for the back.
  2. A phrase or theme that recurs at the end of each verse in a folk song or ballad.
    — Foot it featly here and there; / And, sweet sprites, the burden bear.
  3. A responsibility, onus.
  4. The drone of a bagpipe.
    — BURDEN in some musical instruments, the Drone or Bass, and the pipe or string that plays it
  5. A cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.
    — c. 1710-1730, Jonathan Swift, The Dean's Complaint Translated and Answered Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, / To all my friends a burden grown.
  6. Theme, core idea.
    — the burden of the argument
  7. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry.
    — a ship of a hundred tons burden
  8. The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.
  9. The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.
  10. A fixed quantity of certain commodities.
    — A burden of gad steel is 120 pounds.
  11. A birth. obsolete,rare
    — … that bore thee at a burden two fair sons.
  12. The total amount of toxins, parasites, cancer cells, plaque or similar present in an organism.
  13. The distance between rows of blastholes parallel to the major free face (i.e. face of the excavation)
动词 v.
  1. To encumber with a literal or figurative burden. transitive
    — to burden a nation with taxes
  2. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). transitive
    — He was beginning to forget his burdening, despairing mood of a short while ago.

词形变化

burdens plural burthen alternative,archaic burdens present,singular,third-person burdening participle,present burdened participle,past burdened past burthen alternative,archaic burdens plural

词汇关系

衍生词
afterburden after-burden beast of burden bioburden burden basket burdener burdenless burden of persuasion burden of production burden of proof burdenous burdensome debt burden disburden double burden emburden enburden enburdenment overburden reburden sideburden unburden underburden white man's burden

词源

词源 1
Inherited from Middle English burden, birden, burthen, birthen, byrthen, from Old English byrden, byrþen, from Proto-West Germanic *burþini, from *burþī, from Proto-Germanic *burþį̄, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry, bear”).
词源 2
Inherited from Middle English burdoun (“accompaniment”), from Old French bordon (“drone”), from Medieval Latin burdō. Doublet of bourdon.
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