MFFF

— The United States began construction of the MFFF in 2007 in accord with the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA) between the United States and Russia. However, due to the project's 350-percent cost growth and a 32-year schedule slip, both the Department of Energy and external independent analyses have consistently concluded that the MOX approach to plutonium disposition is significantly costlier and would require a much higher annual budget than an alternate disposition method, Dilute and Dispose (D&D).