Luonan

— The northern zone is more or less expanded easterly from Luonan in Shensi into Honan from Kung in the north to Lushan in the south.

— In the July 6 flood, most sub-districts are dominated by diverted commuters and the unaffected population. The share of disconnected commuters is relatively small, and only several sub-districts in the southeast and northwest hold a bit large proportion. The sub-districts in which more than half of populations are affected are located primarily on the edge of the study area (especially in the south and west). Luonan and Guanshan are the most seriously affected sub-districts, as they have the largest percentages and numbers of diverted and disconnected commuters.