Jehol

— It was originally intended that the Emperor Hsien-Feng should return from Jehol to Peking in the spring of 1861, and a Decree was issued to that effect. In January, however, his illness had become so serious that travelling was out of the question, and this Decree was rescinded. At Jehol, removed from the direct influence of his brothers, and enfeebled by sickness, the Emperor had gradually fallen under the domination of the Prince Yi (Tsai Yüan) with whom were associated, as Grand Councillors, the Prince Tuan Hua and the Imperial Clansman Su Shun.

— A widespread conflict was soon in full swing, but it became apparent that the real Japanese objective was the remote province of Jehol, which, although never considered an actual part of Manchuria, would make a convenient extension of the territory which the Japanese were preparing to set up as a new state.